POLM047
Democracy
and
Democratisation
Module
Description:
Aims
To
examine theories of democratisation and democratic stability, their
normative
foundations and associated implications, their empirical underpinnings
in
comparative empirical research, and assess the consequences of such
findings
for 'engineering democracy'.
Teaching Programme
Teaching
is conducted through an introductory lecture, followed by student
seminars. The
main emphasis is on those weekly two-hour seminar presentations, for
which all
students are expected to read background materials to make possible
their
active participation in discussion.
Seminars provide an
opportunity to discuss a specific
set of questions pertaining to the issues scheduled for discussion. All
students will be expected to have prepared for the seminar/tutorial by
covering
some of the reading scheduled for each topic and every student should
expect to
contribute to the discussion. The role of the course teacher is to
facilitate
and guide discussion, not to provide you with all the answers.
Seminar
Schedule
|
1.
Introduction |
3 |
Feb |
|
The Main Theoretical Models 2.
History and Class: Social Origins of Dictatorship
and Democracy |
10 |
Feb |
|
3.
From the Civic Culture to Social Capital |
17 |
|
|
4.
The Modernisation/Development Model |
24 |
|
|
Cases and Applications 5.
Europe Between the Wars: |
3 |
March |
|
6.
Latin American Theories and Cases: Presidentialism? |
10 |
|
|
7.
Post-communism |
17 |
|
|
Easter
Break |
|
|
|
Recent Developments and Debates 8.
Game Theoretical Models of Democratisation |
28 |
April |
|
9.
Democratisation as Process and Narrative |
5 |
May |
|
10
Electoral Engineering |
12 |
|
|
11.
Review, Conclusions |
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
Assessment
Assignments
Two
'work in progress' seminar Assessments, worth 5 per cent each
Normally,
a presentation will be expected to be of 20-30 minutes in duration,
with
variation depending on the number of presentations per class.
Assessment
Two
'Work in Progress' Seminar Assessments, worth 5 per cent each
Two
4500 word essays, worth 45 per cent each, essay one due March 12, essay
2 due
May 28
Please
note: these lists are not exhaustive and students are encouraged to
seek out
further sources.
Indicative
Basic Reading List
Moore,
Barrington, Social
origins of dictatorship and democracy; lord and peasant in the making
of the
modern world,
Boston, Beacon Press, 1966
Almond,
Gabriel A. and Sidney
Verba The civic culture; political attitudes and democracy in
five nations,
Princeton, N.J., Princeton
University Press, 1963.
Almond,
Gabriel A. and Sidney
Verba, ed., The Civic culture revisited.
Newbury Park, Sage Publications, 1989.
Lipset,
Seymour Martin and
Stein Rokkan, ed., Party systems and voter alignments:
cross-national
perspectives.
New York, Free Press 1967
Przeworski,
Adam, Michael
Alvarez, Jose-Antonio Cheibub, Fernando Limongi, Democracy
and Development:
Political Institutions and Well-being in the World, 1950-1990.
Cambridge University Press,
2000.
Putnam,
Robert D. Making
Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy.
Princeton University Press 1973.
Capoccia,
Giovanni, Defending
democracy: reactions to extremism in interwar Europe.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
University Press, 2005.
Linz,
Juan J. and Arturo
Valenzuela. The Failure of presidential democracy:
comparative perspectives.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
University Press, 1994.
OÕDonnell,
Guillermo Philippe
C. Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead. Transitions from
authoritarian rule.
Comparative Perspectives.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, c1986.
Linz,
Juan J. and Alfred
Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation:
Southern
Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University
Press, 1996.
Bermeo,
Nancy. Ordinary
people in extraordinary times: the citizenry and the breakdown of
democracy.
Princeton, Princeton
University Press, 2003
Boix,
Carles Democracy and
Redistribution
Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2003
Howard,
Marc Morjz, The
weakness of civil society in post Communist Europe.
New York: Cambridge University Press,
2003
Acemoglu,
Daron and James A.
Robinson. Economic origins of dictatorship and democracy.
Cambridge, Cambridge
University Press, 2006
Horowitz,
Donald L. A
democratic South Africa? Constitutional engineering in a divided
society.
Berkeley, University of
California Press, 1991.
Reilly,
Ben. Democracy in
divided societies: electoral engineering for conflict management.
Cambridge, Cambridge
University Press, 2001.
Tilly,
Charles, Democracy.
New York, Cambridge 2007.
Other
General Background
Readings
Ronald
Inglehart and Christian
Welzel, Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy: The
Human Development
Sequence.
Cambridge University Press 2005.
Georg
Sorensen, Democracy
and Democratization: Process and Prospects in a Changing World Boulder, Westview Press 2007.
Robert
Alan Dahl, Ian Shapiro,
Jose Antonio Cheibub, eds, The Democracy Sourcebook
, London, MIT Press, 2003
(ready text)
Grugel,
Jean. 2002. Democratization:
A Critical Introduction.
Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Dahl,
Robert. 1971. Polyarchy.
New Haven: Yale.
Linz,
Juan and Alfred Stepan,
eds. 1978. The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes.
London: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Huntington,
Samuel P. 1991. The
Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century.
Norman and London: University
of Oklahoma Press.
Geddes,
Barbara. `What do we
know about democratization after twenty years?Õ Annual
Review of Political
Science
2:115-144.
DiPalma,
Guiseppe. 1990. To
Craft Democracies.
Berkeley: University of California.
Linz,
Juan J. and Alfred
Stepan. 1996. 'Democracy and Its Arenas.'' In Problems of
Democratic
Transition and Consolidation,
eds. Juan J. Linz and Alfred Stepan. Baltimore: Johns
Hopkins. pp3-15.
Rustow,
Dankwart. 1970. 'Transitions to Democracy: Toward a Dynamic Model.Õ
Comparative Politics (April): 337-363.
Scott
Mainwaring, Guillermo O'Donnell,
and J. Samuel Valenzuela. Eds, Issues in Democratic
Consolidation.
Notre Dame: University of
Notre Dame, 1992.
Ideally,
however, you should be aiming to
read at least four items for each seminar. For your essays you should
be
consulting a minimum of eight pieces.
Please keep
in mind that module reading
lists are only indicators of some relevant reading materials and you
should
browse the library shelves to find alternative sources that may give
you a
different perspective.
Some of the main
journals relevant to this module are Journal
of
Democracy,
and Democratization, both held by the library and
available electronically.
Data
See
my personal website at http://www.jackvowlesdomain.co.uk/Data_Com_Pol_Sci.html.
This
lists and provides links to various useful sources of relevant primary
data
including Freedom House ratings of democracy for most countries in the
world,
the World BankÕs Database of Political Institutions, the
Penn World Tables, and
the datasets available from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems
(CSES).
If you have
any further questions please consult the
Library staff.
Seminar
Topics And
Associated Readings
Ideally you
should be aiming to read at
least four items for each seminar. For your essays you should be
consulting a
minimum of eight pieces and, at the MA level, some would normally
expect more.
Many of the
readings are available in pdf
form on this module's pages in Web-CT.
Social
Origins of
Dictatorship and Democracy (February 10)
Required
Reading
'The
Democratic Route to
Modern Society', chapter 7 in Moore, Social Origins of
Dictatorship and
Democracy.
Theda
Skocpol , 'A Critical Review of Barrington Moore's Social
Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy', Politics &
Society
1973 4: 1-34, republished in
her Social Revolutions in the Modern World,
Cambridge University Press 1994, and in
The Democracy Sourcebook.
Other sources
APSR
review by Gabriel Almond
http://www.jstor.org/view/00030554/di960946/96p00184/0
http://news.independent.co.uk/people/obituaries/article327501.ece
James
Mahoney and Dietrich Rueschemeyer, Comparative Historical
Analysis in the Social Sciences.
Cambridge University Press, 2003 (ready text).
John
D. Stephens, 'Democratic Transition and Breakdown in Western
Europe, 1870-1939: A Test Of The Moore Thesis', American
Journal of
Sociology,
94, 5, 1019-1077.
J.M.
Weiner, 'The Barrington Moore Thesis and its Critics' Theory
and Society,
2, 3, 1975, 301-330.
Theda
Skocpol, States and Social Revolutions.
Cambridge University Press
1979.
Dietrich
Rueschemeyer, Evelyne Huber Stephens, and John D.
Stephens, eds., Capitalist Development and Democracy,
Cambridge, Polity, 1992
Evelyne
Huber and Frank Safford, eds. Agrarian structure &
political power: landlord & peasant in the making of Latin
America.
Pittsburgh: University of
Pittsburgh Press, 1995.
From
the Civic Culture to Social Capital (February 17)
Required
Reading
At
least two of:
Chapter
1 in The Civic Culture
Chapter
1 in The Civic Culture Revisited.
Chapter
1 in Putnam, Making Democracy Work
Other
Sources
Philip
Converse, APSR review, http://www.jstor.org/view/00323195/di980325/98p08704/0
Peter
J. Burnell, Peter Calvert, eds, Civil Society in
Democratization.
London, Routledge, 2004.
Gabriel
Almond, "The Civic Culture: Prehistory, Retrospect,
and Prospect" (November 17, 1996). Center for the Study of Democracy.
Paper 96-01. http://repositories.cdlib.org/csd/96-01
Muller,
E.N. and Seligson, M.A. (1994) Civic culture and
democracy: the question of causal relationships, American
Political Science
Review,
88,
pp. 635-652
William
M. Riesinger, 'Renaissance of a rubric: Political culture
as concept and theory', International Journal of Public
Opinion Research
(1995) 7: 328-352
Larry
Diamond, Political Culture and Democracy in Developing
Countries,
Boulder, L. Reiner, 1994.
Kendall
L. Baker, Russell J. Dalton, Kai Hildebrandt, Germany
Transformed: Political Culture and the New Politics.
Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University
Press, 1981
Robert
Rohrschneider, Learning Democracy: Democratic and
Economic Values in Unified Germany.
Oxford University Press, 1989.
Bob
Edwards, M.W. Foley, and Mario Diani eds. Beyond
Tocqueville: Civil Society and the Social Capital Debate in Comparative
Perspective.
Tufts University Press, 2001.
David
J., Elkins and Richard E. Simeon, 'A cause in search of its
effects, or what does political culture explain?' Comparative
Politics
(1979) 11: 127-145.
Ronald
Inglehart, The renaissance of political culture. American
Political Science Review
(1988) 82: 1203-1230
Robert
Jackman and Ross Miller, 'The poverty of political culture',
American Journal of Political Science
(1996) 40: 697-716.
Wilson,
Richard W. 'The Many Voices of Political Culture:
Assessing Different Approaches,' World Politics
52 (January 2000), 246-73
J.
Johnson, 'Conceptual Problems as Obstacles to Progress in
Political Science: Four Decades of Political Culture Research',
Journal of
Theoretical Politics,
2003; 15(1): 87 - 115.
Russell
J. Dalton, 'Citizen Attitudes and Political Behavior' Comparative
Political Studies,
2000; 33(6-7): 912 - 940.
Laitin,
David D. 1995. 'The Civic Culture at 30' American
Political Science Review
89:168-73.
Goodhart,
Michael, 2005. Civil Society and the Problem of Global
Democracy', Democratization
12(1): 1-21.
Tarrow,
S. 'Making social science work across space and time: A
critical reflection on Robert Putnam's Making Democracy Work', American
Political Science Review,
90, 1996.
Berman,
Sheri. 1997. 'Civil society and political
institutionalization,' American Behavioral Scientist,
40 (5), 1997, 562-574.
Modernisation
(February
24)
Required
Reading:
Seymour
Martin Lipset 'Some
Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political
Legitimacy' American
Political Science Review,
53, 1 (1959), pp. 69-105.
Przeworski,
Adam, Michael
Alvarez, Jose-Antonio Cheibub, Fernando Limongi, Democracy
and Development:
Political Institutions and Well-being in the World, 1950-1990.
Cambridge University Press,
2000, introduction and chapter 1.
Other
Sources
Sunder
Ramaswamy, Jeffrey W.
Cason, eds., Development and Democracy: New Perspectives on an
Old Debate,
Middlebury College Press,
2003.
Joe
Foweraker and Todd
Landman, 'Economic development and democracy revisited: why dependency
theory
is not yet dead', Democratization,
11, 1, 2004 , pp. 1-20
Evelyne
Huber, Dietrich Rueschemeyer,
John D. Stephens 'The Impact of Economic Development on Democracy' Journal
of Economic Perspectives,
7, 3 (1993), 71-86.
Ross
E. Burkhart, Michael S.
Lewis-Beck, Comparative Democracy: The Economic Development Thesis', American
Political Science Review,
88, 4 (1994), 903-910.
Seymour
Martin Lipset 'Some
Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political
Legitimacy' American
Political Science Review,
53, 1 (1959), pp. 69-105.
Lipset,
Seymour Martin and
Stein Rokkan, ed., Party systems and voter alignments:
cross-national
perspectives.
New York, Free Press 1967
Przeworski,
Adam, Michael
Alvarez, Jose-Antonio Cheibub, Fernando Limongi, Democracy
and Development:
Political Institutions and Well-being in the World, 1950-1990.
Cambridge University Press,
2000.
Granato,
Jim, Roinald Inglehart and David Leblang, 'Culture,
Values, Stable democracy and Economic Development' American
Journal of
Political Science
(1996) 40: 680-696
Dietrich
Rueschemeyer, Evelyne Huber Stephens, and John D. Stephens,
eds., Capitalist Development and Democracy,
Cambridge, Polity, 1992
Europe
Between the Wars (March
3)
Required
Reading
Capoccia,
Giovanni, Defending
democracy: reactions to extremism in interwar Europe.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
University Press, 2005, chapter 1.
Nancy
Bermeo, 'Going Mad or
Going Bad: Citizens, Scarcity, and the Breakdown of Democracy in
Interwar
Europe', Scholarship Repository, University of California
(http://repositories.edlib.org/csd/97-06).
Background
Reading
Berg-Schlosser,
Dirk, and
Jeremy Mitchell, eds., Conditions of Democracy in Europe
1919-39: Systematic
Case Studies.
Basingstoke, MacMillan, 2000.
Berg-Schlosser,
Dirk, and
Jeremy Mitchell, Authoritarianism and Democracy in Europe,
1919-39:
Comparative Analyses,
Palgrave-MacMillan 2002.
Berg-Schlosser,
Dirk, Democratization: The State of the Art.
Barbara Budich, 2005.
Hermens,
F, Democracy or
Anarchy: A Study of Proportional Representation.
Notre Dame, Notre Dame University
Press. 1941.
Ertman,
Thomas, 'Democracy and
dictatorship in interwar western Europe revisited', World
Politics,
50, April 1998, 475-505.
Nancy
Bermeo, 'Democracy in Europe'. Daedalus,
123, 1994
Gregory
M. Luebbert, Liberalism,
Fascism, or Social Democracy: Social Classes and the Political Origins
of Regimes
in Interwar Europe.
Oxford University Press 1991.
Mark
Irving Lichbach, 'Governability in interwar Europe: A formal model of
authority and
performance', Quality and Quantity,
16, 3, 1982, 197-216.
Berman,
S., 'Civil society and
the collapse of the Weimar Republic' World Politics,
49, 1997.
Mark
Mazower, Dark
Continent: Europe's Twentieth Century.
Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1999.
Juan
J. Linz, 'Fascism,
Breakdown of Democracy, Authoritarian and Totalitarian Regimes,
Coincidences
and Distinctions', Estudio Working Paoer 2002/179.
(http://www.march.es/ceacs/ingles/publicaciones/working/archivos/2002_179.pdf)
Latin
America and Presidentialism (March 10)
Required
Reading
Bermeo,
Nancy. Ordinary
people in extraordinary times: the citizenry and the breakdown of
democracy.
Princeton, Princeton
University Press, 2003, chapter 7
Linz,
Juan J. 1990. `The Perils of Presidentialism.' Journal of
Democracy
1(1):51-69.
Background
Reading
Linz,
Juan J. and Arturo
Valenzuela. The Failure of presidential democracy:
comparative perspectives.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
University Press, 1994.
O'Donnell,
Guillermo Philippe
C. Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead. Transitions from
authoritarian rule.
Comparative Perspectives.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.
Linz,
Juan J. and Alfred
Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation:
Southern
Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University
Press, 1996.
Linz,
Juan J. and Alfred
Stepan, eds., 1978. The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes.
Baltimore, Johns Hopkins
Press.
Bermeo,
Nancy. Ordinary
people in extraordinary times: the citizenry and the breakdown of
democracy.
Princeton, Princeton
University Press, 2003
Shugart,
Matthew S. `On
Presidents and Parliaments.' East European Constitutional
Review
2, 1, 30-32.
Postcommunism
(March 17)
Required
Reading
Howard,
Marc Morjz, The
weakness of civil society in post Communist Europe.
New York: Cambridge University Press,
2003, introduction
Michael
McFaul, 'Transitions from Postcommunism' Journal of
Democracy
16,
3, 2005 5-19.
Background
Reading
Howard,
Marc Morjz, The
weakness of civil society in post Communist Europe.
New York: Cambridge University Press,
2003
Linz,
Juan J. and Alfred
Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation:
Southern
Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University
Press, 1996.
Graeme
Gill, Democracy and Post-Communism: Political Change in
the Post-Communist World.
Routledge, 2002.
Julie
Smith and Elizabeth Teague, Democracy in the New Europe:
The Politics of Post-communism.
Greycoat Press, 1999.
Christian
W. Haerpfer, Democracy and Enlargement in
Post-Communist Europe: The Democratisation of the general public in 15
Central
and Eastern European Countries,
1991-98, Routledge 2002.
Groth,
A. J. Communism,
Post-Communism and Democracy: A Policy-Outcomes Perspective, Journal
of
Communist Studies and Transition Politics
2005, 21, 3, 375-394
Richard
Davis Anderson, M. Steven Fish, Stephen E. Hanson, and
Philip G. Roeder, Postcommunism and the Theory of Democracy.
Princeton University Press
2001.
Pavol
Demeš , Joerg
Forbrig, Robin Shepherd, Reclaiming Democracy: Civil Society
and Electoral
Change in Central and Eastern Europe,
The German Marshall Fund, 2007
Fowkes,
Ben. The Post-Communist Era: Change and Continuity in
Eastern Europe.
NY: St. Martin's Press, Inc., 1999
Holmes,
Leslie. Post-Communism: An Introduction.
Durham: Duke University
Press, 1997.
David
W. Lovell, 'Trust and
the politics of postcommunism', Communist and Post-Communist
Studies,
34, 1, March 2001, Pages
27-38
Game
Theoretical Models (April 28)
Boix,
Carles Democracy and
Redistribution
Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2003
Acemoglu,
Daron and James A.
Robinson. Economic origins of dictatorship and democracy.
Cambridge, Cambridge
University Press, 2006
Required
Reading: Boix, Democracy and
Redistribution,
introduction
Process
and Narrative
(May 5)
Tilly, Charles, Democracy. New York, Cambridge 2007.
Required Reading: Tilly, chapter 1.
Engineering
Democracy (May 12)
Required
Reading:
Arend
Lijphart, 'Constitutional Design for Divided Societies',
Journal of Democracy,
15, 2, 2004.
Horowitz,
D.L. (2003) 'Electoral Systems: A Primer for Decision Makers' Journal of
Democracy 14(4): 115-127.
Background
Reading
Arend
Lijphart, Power-Sharing in South Africa
University of California Press, 1985.
Horowitz,
Donald L. A
democratic South Africa? Constitutional engineering in a divided
society.
Berkeley, University of
California Press, 1991.
Reilly,
Ben. Democracy in
divided societies: electoral engineering for conflict management.
Cambridge, Cambridge
University Press, 2001.
Kurth,
James. 2005. 'Ignoring
History: US Democratization in the Muslim World.' Orbis
(Spring): 305-322
Tures,
John. 2005. `Operation
Exporting Freedom: The Quest for Democratization via United States
Military
Operations.'' Whitehead Journal of Diplomacy and
International Relations
6(1): 97-111.
Larry
Diamond. 2005. 'Building Democracy after Conflict: Lessons
from Iraq.' Journal of Democracy
16(1, January): 9-23.
Larry
Goodson, 2005. 'Bullets, Ballots and Poppies in Afghanistan'
Journal of Democracy
16 (1).
Horowitz,
Donald L. 1990. 'Comparing Democratic Systems.' Journal
of Democracy
1, 1. 51-69.
Horowitz,
D.L. (1997) 'Encouraging Electoral Accommodation in Divided Societies',
in B. V. Lal,
& P. Larmour (Eds.), Electoral
Systems in Divided Societies: The
Fiji Constitutional Review. Canberra:
ANU.
Horowitz,
D. L. (2000). 'Some
Realism about
Peacemaking' Paper
delivered at
the conference
ÒFacing Ethnic
ConflictsÓ Center for Development Research:
Facing Ethnic Conflicts, Bonn, 14-16 December 2000,
1-17.
Horowitz,
D.L. (2002) 'Constitutional Design:
Proposals
Versus Process', in A. Reynolds (Ed.), The Architecture of
Democracy;
Constitutional Design, Conflict Management and Democracy, Oxford: Oxford University Press,
15-36.
Horowitz,
D.L. (2003) 'Electoral Systems: A Primer for Decision Makers' Journal of
Democracy 14(4): 115-127.
Horowitz
D.L. (2004) 'The
Alternative Vote
and Interethnic Moderation: A
Reply to Fraenkel and Grofman' Public
Choice 121 (3-4):
507-516.
Lijphart,
Arend. 1992. 'Democratization and Constitutional Choices
in Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Poland, 1989-1991.' Journal
of Theoretical
Politics
4(2).
Taagepera,
Rein. 1998. 'How
Electoral Systems Matter for Democratization' Democratization
5(3): 68-91.
Sarah
Birch. 2005. 'Single-member district electoral systems and democratic
transition'. Electoral
Studies
24:
281-301.
Horowitz,
Donald L. 1994. 'Democracy in Divided Societies.' In
Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner, eds. Nationalism, Ethnic
Conflict, and
Democracy.
Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 35-55.
Fraenkel,
J. (2001a) 'The Alternative Vote System in Fiji; Electoral Engineering
or
Ballot- Rigging?' Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative
Politics 39(2):1-31.
Fraenkel,
J. and B. Grofman
(2004) 'A Neo-Downsian Model
of the
Alternative Vote as
a mechanism
for Mitigating Ethnic Conflict in Plural Societies'. Public Choice 121(3-4):
487-506.
Fraenkel,
J. and B. Grofman (2006a) 'Does the Alternative Vote
Foster
Moderation in Ethnically Divided Societies? The Case of Fiji'. Comparative
Political Studies 39(5):
623-651.
Fraenkel,
J. and B. Grofman (2006b). 'The Failure of
the
Alternative Vote as a Tool for Promoting Ethnic Moderation in Fiji: A
Reply to
Horowitz' Comparative Political Studies 39(5):
663-666.
Fraenkel,
J. and B. Grofman,
'The Merits of
Neo-Downsian Modeling of the Alternative Vote:
A Reply to Horowitz' (http://www.socsci.uci.edu/~bgrofman/)
Pippa
Norris, Driving
Democracy: Do power-sharing regimes work?
New York, Cambridge University Press (http://www.pippanorris.com)
ESSAYS
Theoretical
Essay due March 13
Empirical
Essay due May 28